sympathetic fibers การใช้

• The ventricles are more richly innervated by sympathetic fibers than parasympathetic fibers.
• The white rami carry sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord into the sympathetic trunk.
• This reflex is absent in Horner's syndrome and lesions involving the cervical sympathetic fibers.
• In addition, they contain sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion to the dilator pupill?muscle.
• The sacral sympathetic nerves contain a mix of preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers, but mostly postganglionic.
• The tympanic nerve and postganglionic sympathetic fibers, which come with the arteries-related head, make the tympanic plexus on the promontorium.
• The ganglia include not just the sympathetic trunks but also the cervical ganglia ( mesenteric ganglia ( which send sympathetic fibers to the gut ).
• In contrast to their parasympathetic counterparts, sympathetic fibers do not synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, having done so already in the sympathetic trunk.
• Sympathetic fibers can increase the force of contraction because in addition to innervating the SA and AV nodes, they innervate the atria and ventricles themselves.
• Stimulation sympathetic fibers of the spinal nerves causes an " increase " in the SA node rate, increasing the heart rate and force of contraction.
• Acetylcholine released by preganglionic sympathetic fibers of these nerves acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, causing cell depolarization and an influx of calcium through voltage-gated calcium channels.
• The greater petrosal nerve travels through the middle ear and eventually combines with the deep petrosal nerve ( sympathetic fibers ) to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal.
• Angiotensin II increases thirst sensation ( dipsogen ) through the subfornical organ of the brain, decreases the response of the baroreceptor reflex, and increases the desire for sympathetic fibers.
• The adrenal medulla is considered a sympathetic ganglion and, like other sympathetic ganglia, is supplied by cholinergic preganglionic sympathetic fibers : acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter utilized at this synapse.
• The sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle mainly travel in the nasociliary nerve but there are also sympathetic fibers in the short ciliary nerves that pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses.
• The sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle mainly travel in the nasociliary nerve but there are also sympathetic fibers in the short ciliary nerves that pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses.
• The preganglionic sympathetic fibers will enter into the sympathetic trunk and either synapse at the ganglion on the same level, or travel up or down the sympathetic trunk to arrive at the correct spinal level for their action.
• "Preganglionic " sympathetic fibers originate from neurons in the " intermediolateral column " of the thoracic spinal cord, at the level of thoracic spinal nerve 1 ( T1 ) and thoracic spinal nerve 2 ( T2 ).
• This response is also known as " sympatho-adrenal response " of the body, as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that end in the adrenal medulla ( but also all other sympathetic fibers ) secrete acetylcholine, which activates the great secretion of adrenaline ( epinephrine ) and to a lesser extent noradrenaline ( norepinephrine ) from it.
• This response is also known as " sympatho-adrenal response " of the body, as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that end in the adrenal medulla ( but also all other sympathetic fibers ) secrete acetylcholine, which activates the great secretion of adrenaline ( epinephrine ) and to a lesser extent noradrenaline ( norepinephrine ) from it.